Evolutionary Medicine by Stephen C. Stearns offers a comprehensive exploration of how evolutionary principles illuminate human health and disease. Designed for undergraduate, graduate, medical school, and continuing medical education (CME) courses, this 1st edition textbook features professional illustrations and chapter summaries for enhanced accessibility. The book delves into core concepts, beginning with an introduction to evolutionary thinking in Chapter 1. Subsequent chapters address fundamental questions such as “What is a patient?” (Chapter 2) and “What is a disease?” exploring causes from patients, pathogens, and their interactions (Chapter 3). It further examines the nature and costs of defenses (Chapter 4), the evolutionary dynamics of pathogens including virulence, evasion, and resistance (Chapter 5), and cancer as an evolutionary process with treatment implications (Chapter 6). Reproductive conflicts, including maternal-offspring, gene imprinting, sibling rivalry, and the links between invasive placentas and metastatic cancer, are discussed in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 tackles mismatches to modern environments, covering conditions like obesity, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune disorders. Evolutionary perspectives on addiction, anxiety, depression, OCD, autism, and schizophrenia are presented in Chapter 9. The book concludes by exploring the tension between individual and group interests, the emergence of new medical problems alongside solutions (Chapter 10), and unanswered questions in medicine, contrasting classical and evolutionary approaches (Chapter 11). Published by Sinauer Associates, an imprint of Oxford University Press, with ISBN-10: 1605352608 and ISBN-13: 978-1605352602, this 2015 publication provides a vital framework for understanding health from an evolutionary standpoint.