The fourth edition of the Oxford Handbook of Urology (Oxford Medical Handbooks) has been fully updated to reflect significant advances in medical and surgical opportunities since the previous edition. It includes pelvic laparoscopic and robotic surgery, new drugs in incontinence and male sexual health, and new laser devices for prostate surgery. Guidelines from major associations such as the European Association of Urology, the American Association of Urology, the British Association of Urology, and NICE have been updated to reflect best evidence-based clinical practice. Featuring both additional and expanded topics, this handbook is up-to-date for everyday urological clinical practice and includes recent controversies like the use of vaginal mesh. The handbook covers the basics of patient assessment and investigations in a concise format, with bite-sized topics, easily navigable sections, summary diagrams, and photographs. It serves as a key source for quick reference during clinical duties in clinics, theatre, and A&E settings, while providing enough information for urology doctors preparing for the FRCS exam. With contributions from authors with wide-ranging subspecialist interests, including a brand new co-author to ensure comprehensive coverage, this handbook is an invaluable resource for junior urology doctors, A&E and general surgery doctors, urology ward and theatre nurses, and medical students.