Meteorological Measurements and Instrumentation (Advancing Weather and Climate Science) explores the fundamental scientific principles behind high-quality instrumentation for environmental measurements. The book covers a broad spectrum of in-situ sensors utilized in practical environmental monitoring, focusing particularly on surface-based measurement systems. It also delves into the use of weather balloons to gather extensive upper atmosphere data. Through numerous examples of real atmospheric measurements under both typical and unusual conditions, it elucidates the electronic signal conditioning, data acquisition methods, and data processing principles essential for obtaining reliable results. This comprehensive approach not only highlights the historical evolution of atmospheric measurements but also integrates modern climate science requirements, offering insights into new and emerging sensor and recording technologies.